Which of the following is a content theory?

• A. Process theory.
• B. Equity Theory.
• C. Motivator-Hygiene Theory.
• D. Expectancy Theory.

Answer: (C)

Motivator-Hygiene Theory is a content theory because it centers on the actual factors in the job that can satisfy needs and drive motivation. It separates job factors into motivators, which boost satisfaction and motivation when present (like achievement, recognition, and meaningful work), and hygiene factors, whose absence causes dissatisfaction but whose presence doesn’t necessarily increase motivation (like salary and working conditions). This focus on the content of the job and what it offers to meet needs is what defines a content theory. In contrast, the other options describe how motivation occurs through mental processes—how effort translates to performance and rewards, or how fairness is perceived—traits of process theories rather than content theories.