Path-goal Theory is based on what broader theory?

• A. Expectancy theory of motivation
• B. Maslow's hierarchy
• C. Herzberg's two-factor theory
• D. Equity theory

Answer: (A)

Path-goal theory ties leadership behavior to how motivated followers will be to pursue goals by shaping their expectations about effort, performance, and rewards. This aligns with expectancy theory of motivation, which says people are motivated when they believe their effort will lead to good performance (effort-to-performance expectancy), that good performance will lead to valued rewards (instrumentality), and that those rewards are worth getting (valence). Leaders who clarify the path to goals, remove obstacles, and provide support or resources effectively boost these beliefs, making it more likely followers will be motivated to excel. The other theories—Maslow’s hierarchy (needs), Herzberg’s two-factor theory (hygiene and motivators), and Equity theory (fairness in outcomes)—don’t directly connect leadership actions to the specific beliefs about effort–performance–reward that expectancy theory emphasizes.